# Data Dictionary - European R&D Intensity - total & by performing sector, cleaned Parquet

**Units:** vary by `indicator` - read the per-row `unit` column (overall: % of GDP).  Times are UTC.

| column | type | description |
|---|---|---|
| `zone` | str | Geo / country code (DE, FR, SE, …) |
| `ts` | timestamp (UTC) | Year |
| `indicator` | str | R&D intensity: total / business / government / higher education |
| `value` | float | % of GDP |
| `unit` | str | Unit |
| `res_min` | int | Native resolution (annual) |

*Source: Eurostat (European Commission).*